U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense.'s Medical management of chemical casualties : handbook PDF

By U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. Chemical Casualty Care Division

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Under temperate conditions, mustard evaporates slowly and is primarily a liquid hazard, but its vapor hazard increases with increasing temperature. At 100oF or above, it is a definite vapor hazard. , Lewisite (the mixture is HL), or agent T, a closely related vesicant (the mixture is HT) so that the mixture will remain liquid at lower temperatures. The mixture HT also refers to mustard that has been thickened with small quantities of newer thickening agents. 003 mg/m3. The M8A1 automatic chemical agent detector alarm is incapable of detecting mustard.

British Anti-Lewisite (BAL, dimercaprol) was developed as an antidote for Lewisite and is used in medicine as a chelating agent for heavy metals. There is evidence that BAL in oil, given intramuscularly, will reduce the systemic effects of Lewisite. However, BAL itself causes some toxicity, and the user should read the package insert carefully. British-Anti-Lewisite skin and ophthalmic ointment decreases the severity of skin and eye lesions when applied immediately after early decontamination; however, neither is currently manufactured.

Hemodialysis was not only ineffective, but was actually harmful in several casualties. The rapid biotransformation of the mustard molecule suggests that none of these measures would be beneficial hours or days after exposure. TRIAGE Most mustard casualties will be triaged as delayed. Those with skin lesions covering several percent to 50 percent of the BSA will require further medical care but do not need immediate lifesaving assistance. ) Those with mild to moderate pulmonary effects will also eventually require further care, but are not in the immediate category for triage.

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Medical management of chemical casualties : handbook by U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. Chemical Casualty Care Division


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