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They represent fundamental limits even with ideal or perfect instruments. It is instructive to consider a practical example to see the effect of these limits. 05 eV. 0%. 36) which is about 40 atomic diameters. In short, if you know the momentum relatively well, you don’t know where the electron is in space. 5 Units and Conversion Factors Every field has its own special units of measure, and nuclear chemistry is no different. The unit of length is the femtometer (10−15 m), which is called a fermi. 5 MeV∕c2 .

1: Energy Release Calculate the energy release in the β− and in β+ decay of 64 Cu. 2 Terminology The difference between the actual nuclear mass and the mass of all the individual nucleons (free protons and neutrons) that must be assembled to make the nucleus is called the total binding energy, Btot (A, Z). 14) where M(A, Z) is the atomic mass of the nuclide with mass number A, and atomic number Z, M(n), and M(1 H) are the mass of a neutron and a hydrogen atom, respectively. Using the mass of a hydrogen atom here brings along the electron mass.

19) 1∕3 A A The justification for the five parts of this representation of the total binding energy of the nucleus is as follows: Btot (A, Z) = av A − as A2∕3 − ac 1) Since there are A nucleons in the nucleus and the short-ranged nuclear force saturates, we expect each nucleon to contribute the same amount to the total binding energy. Thus, the first term is known as the volume term. The coefficient a???? is the energy by which a nucleon in the interior of the nucleus is bound to its nearest neighbors and is a parameter to be determined experimentally.

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