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Sample text

The beam of molecules traverses successive regions of oppositely directed inhomogeneous electric fields separated by an intermediate region (the c-field) which for the study of rotational transitions has no static field. The effective electric dipole moment, peff,of a molecule is, among other things, a function of the rotational state, J. In addition, the force on a molecule is proportional to p e f f ( ~ E / d 2 Thus, ). by a suitable arrangement of stops a particular rotational state is focused at the detector.

2)is only a first approximation which assumes a rigid rotator. % where p is the reduced mass of the molecule. By measuring v for two different vibrational states, a can be found and hence Be. The equilibrium internuclear distance, r,, is determined to a very high approximation only by the electronic structure of a molecule, so that it is the same for different isotopic species. 5) Note that knowledge of re or constants such as h is not required. 6) In practice this is usually negligible. In RbC1, for example, an uncertainty of 1 mmp in both Rb and C1 produces errors of only 1 part in lo7in the C1 mass ratio or Rb mass ratio.

1) usually contains many more equations than unknowns, n > rn, there exist n - rn independent equations relating the Q values in the set. These equations, usually called reaction cycles, are of the form Z, a,&, = 0, where a. is a n integer, usually ? 1. The reaction cycles are useful in screening the input data for experimental Q values that contain gross errors. From the experimental values Q, k AQ, one computes the value of the cycle sum, and the uncertainty in the sum. If the value differs from zero by several times the standard deviation of the sum, it is likely that a t least one of the experimental Q values in the cycle is wrong.

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