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By Nicolas Gisin, Gregoire Ribordy, Wolfgang Tittel and Hugo Zbinden

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E. each logical qubit should be encoded in a single degree of freedom of a single photon. On Bob’s side the situation is, first, that the efficiency of his detectors is quite limited and, next, that the dark counts (spontaneous counts not produced by photons) are non negligible. The limited efficiency is analogous to the losses in the quantum channel. The analysis of the dark counts is more delicate and no complete solution is known. Conservatively, L¨ utkenhaus (2000) assumes in his analysis that all dark counts provide information to Eve.

In case of polarization-entangled photons, this gradually destroys their correlation. Although it is in principle possible to compensate this effect, the statistical nature of the PMD makes this impractical44 . Although perfectly fine for free-space QC (see section IV E), polarization entanglement is thus not adequate for QC over long optical fibers. A similar effect arises when dealing with energy-time entangled photons. Here, the chromatic dispersion destroys the strong time-correlations between the photons forming a pair.

Two other classes of eavesdropping strategies let Eve process several qubits coherently, hence the name of coherent attacks. The most general coherent at- 48 Optical isolators, based on the Faraday effect, let light pass through only in one direction. physics might be. 36 tacks are called joint attacks, while an intermediate class assumes that Eve attaches one probe per qubit, like in individual attacks, but can measure several probes coherently, like in coherent attacks. This intermediate class is called collective attacks.

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Quantum cryptography - group of applied phyzics by Nicolas Gisin, Gregoire Ribordy, Wolfgang Tittel and Hugo Zbinden


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