Download e-book for kindle: Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 10 by Kenneth B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd
By Kenneth B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd
ISBN-10: 0471186481
ISBN-13: 9780471186489
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Extra resources for Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 10
Example text
The biological advantage of diploidy is that alleles beneficial in one environment but gravely disadvantageous in another can be saved, hidden away but ready to be used when the need arises. Suppose a particular allele 6 is advan- Genetic Algorithms Tutorial 29 tageous in environment E6, whereas the alternate allele A is advantageous in environment EA. As the environment alters between E6 and EA, offspring with the appropriate allele can appear, expressed starting from the first generation. This is because some individuals have likely kept it hidden away unexpressed.
In species with efficient DNA repair machinery, the mutation rate is on the order of 10-10 mutations per site per generation for an individual,29 whereas in the GA, rates are typically 10-2. However, it is assumed that mutation rates were much higher earlier in evolutionary history, before the advent of the DNA repair machinery, and that the rate of evolutionary exploration was much greater than it is today. This would at least partially account for the larger diversity of phyla seen early on than is currently observed.
Periodically, for instance every 20 generations, the best individual in each population is given to all of the other populations. Each population will tend to converge to a single region, which will be different for different populations. The individuals passed into a given population will act as new, relatively fit seeds for further exploration by the GA. However, if sharing occurs too often, all of the populations will tend to converge on the identical set of parameters. Haploid us. Diploid Chromosomes So far, we have lefr out an important feature of the chromosomes of most higher animals, namely diploidy.
Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 10 by Kenneth B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd
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