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Characteristic chemical tendencies of common rock types Earth scientists usually use a genetic rock classification and distinguish magmatic rocks formed from molten rocks at various depths in the lithosphere, sedimentary rocks formed as the result of weathering and transport at the surface of the earth and metamorphic rocks as a result of deformation under elevated temperatures and pressures of the first two categories in descending lithospheric plates. Rocks of each of these categories are composed of a series of characteristic minerals with variable proportions (Hamblin, 1992).

The dominating rock type. The dispersion of trace elements in the different environmental compartments is mainly governed by weathering and mass transport. Based on examples from Central Europe, this paper gives an insight into the typical natural input of six major, geochemically defined rock types ("natural background"). It also presents two cases of regional "natural contamination" related to ore deposits. Each rock type contributes in a characteristic manner to the major and trace element budget of soils, sediments, plants, surface and ground waters.

Pfeifer et al. %) of the seven chemical rock types distinguished in Table 1. A, silicate rocks; B, carbonate rocks. Figure 3. low concentration trace spectrum, but with a few exceptions: U, Zr, Pb and F. Shales are again rich in trace elements, especially in rarer ones, such as As, U, V, F and Rb. Sandstones are especially rich in Zr. Carbonate rocks (represented in Fig. 4 only by limestones) have, apart from U, Sr and F generally low trace element concentrations. 3. General trends of soil and water compositions During weathering a typical "differentiation" occurs in most rock-soil-water systems.

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